Effect of Impact Ionization on the Noise Excess Factor in Solar Photodiodes Based on CuInSe2 (CIS) of P+N Type
Abdoul Aziz Correa,
Mamadou Dia,
El Hadji Mamadou Keita,
Chamsdine Sow,
Babacar Mbow
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
1-6
Received:
29 June 2020
Accepted:
13 July 2020
Published:
4 August 2020
Abstract: The effects of impact ionization in the space charge zone on the multiplication factor of the carriers, the noise excess factor, and the multiplication voltage (avalanche voltage) are modeled for avalanche photodiodes (APD). Research has shown that photomultiplication of charge carriers and impact ionization allow to improve the quantum efficiency of avalanche photodiodes. However, these phenomena are not without effect on the background noise which tends to disturb the signal of these devices. The aim of this article is therefore to verify the effect of impact ionization on this noise characterized by an noise excess factor. Our work consists, at first, to establish the mathematical expressions linking the characteristic parameters of photomultiplication, impact ionization and noise before carring out simulations on photodiode model based on CuInSe2 (CIS) of the P+N type. In our photocurrent calculation models, we first worked in the absence of electronic ionization, then in the presence of electronic ionization. Our simulation results confirm that ionization by impact in the part of the multiplication layer far from the active surface (the junction) increases the noise excess factor. We were able to note that the effect of impact ionization places strict constraints on the doping level of the carrier multiplication layer in order to minimize noise. However, the noise excess factor should be reduced in the layer (CuInSe2 (N)) where the electric field and the multiplication factor of the charge carriers are important. We have shown that the gap between the ionization coefficients of the carriers (electrons and holes), reduces the excess noise in the avalanche layer (carrier multiplication layer or space charge area). For a coefficients ionization ratio k=kp/kn=11, a low value of the noise excess factor of the order of 1.5 is obtained with a multiplication coefficient Mph=2.
Abstract: The effects of impact ionization in the space charge zone on the multiplication factor of the carriers, the noise excess factor, and the multiplication voltage (avalanche voltage) are modeled for avalanche photodiodes (APD). Research has shown that photomultiplication of charge carriers and impact ionization allow to improve the quantum efficiency ...
Show More
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Tool to Face Climate Change
Alexis Santiago Pérez Figueredo
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
7-13
Received:
24 July 2020
Accepted:
17 August 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: This work aims to analyze Corporate Social Responsibility as a methodological tool that, applied in the company's strategic management model, contributes to the development of capacities to face climate change stimulating the development of good practices demonstrating its environmental performance. The methodology used took into account comparative studies, the descriptive-explanatory method, the bibliographic and documentary review, as well as the causal analysis in the company-environment-society relationship in the framework of the impacts of climate change as well as the modeling used in the presentation of the procedure. As a result, a procedure is proposed that starting from the conception of the strategic projection of business management; elements of Corporate Social Responsibility are taken into account to contribute in Cuban companies to the implementation of the State Plan of the Republic of Cuba to confront change climate: Life Task. Promoting the development of actions that contribute to raising the perception of risk and the environmental performance of the institution evidenced through good practices.
Abstract: This work aims to analyze Corporate Social Responsibility as a methodological tool that, applied in the company's strategic management model, contributes to the development of capacities to face climate change stimulating the development of good practices demonstrating its environmental performance. The methodology used took into account comparativ...
Show More
